In politics, cloakrooms are spaces adjacent to the chambers of the Senate and the House where politicians from both parties can gather to discuss Congressional business privately.
There is a separate cloakroom for each political party.
Put simply, a cloakroom is to politics what a breakroom is to a normal office.
Origin of “Cloakroom”
Cloakrooms were first established in the late 1800s as actual places for members to store their coats, umbrellas, hats and other apparel, but that usage became obsolete as more office space was built over the years.
With the creation of individual offices for members, cloakrooms were converted into places for members to gather to talk about legislation, meet privately to discuss issues facing Congress, make secret deals, or just vent to each other about Congressional matters.
These rooms are closed to everyone except for Senators, Representatives, Senate Pages, some select staffers, and they may even have their own private phone numbers.
An elaboration of life in the cloakroom from CNN:
Floor assistants and cloakroom attendants are among those who work in the rooms. Their duties include alerting lawmakers when votes are coming up, telling them whether the chamber will be open on a snow day and working with pages to deliver messages.
C-SPAN explained up the cloakroom environment as “food, phones, frivolity, and fights.”
They are noisy, smelly, and cramped spaces. The House cloakrooms both have snack bars (basic diner food, e.g. hot dogs, sandwiches, and soups, and yes, they have to pay), but when they’re still voting late into the night, it’s better than nothing. Senators don’t have snack bars, but Senate catering sends left-over food platters from receptions to the cloakrooms, so there is usually something to nosh on.
All the cloakrooms have old-fashioned phone booths and the cloakroom staff tell Members which numbered booth they can use to take or make a call. There are stacks of flyers from the Whip offices about the floor schedule; from outside groups stating their position about that day’s votes, and copies of leadership Dear Colleague letters to their troops.
The furnishings are modest, even a little shabby: large leather lounge chairs, sofas, and many ash-trays because that’s where all the serious smokers hang-out. Talk about a smoke-filled room, the cloakrooms are it! There are wall-mounted television sets and regular tiffs about the remote control. Sometimes sports events are favored over the floor proceedings occurring just on the other side of the door.
And the New York Times described them this way in 1986:
The Republican and Democratic cloakrooms are situated just off the floor of each chamber, and there a handful of men and women scramble to keep the members abreast of activity…
Although members of Congress themselves use the rooms a lot less frequently that their predecessors of earlier eras did, many still come around on the House side to take advantage of snack bars in the cloakrooms and occasionally to watch a crucial baseball game specially broadcast into the rooms.
Use of “Cloakroom” in a sentence
- In the labyrinthine halls of Congress, the cloakroom serves as a critical backstage where lawmakers, free from the gaze of the media and public, can engage in candid discussions, negotiate deals, and plan legislative strategy.
- Senators often utilize their chamber’s cloakroom to count votes on a hot-button issue before taking it to the floor, gauging the political temperature and the feasibility of garnering the necessary support.
- The cloakroom’s role is so integral that its absence in remote or hybrid legislative sessions, as witnessed during the pandemic, was noted to have a dampening effect on the interpersonal dynamics that often fuel political compromise.